As I walked around the yard gazing at the newly planted flowers and observing the combined effect of the mixed colors, I plucked a perfectly formed maple leaf from our tree...one of many.. most of them seemingly perfect...and existing to perform its assigned part in the cycle of life.... a simple...unassuming....plain leaf...just minding its own business and performing its purpose in the orchestration of the big symphony....So , as I further looked at this wonder of nature, questions began to take form in my mind...Is this leaf as simple as it looks ??? What would I find if I dug below the surface of this apparent simpleness??? Well, I did and what I found out will simply amaze you....First of all, a leaf needs to capture and absorb sunlight to perform photosynthesis. It also needs to absorb carbon dioxide that we exhale and exchange it for freshly produced oxygen...Then, it must control water lost by the plant through evaporation and transpiration. Now, this common leaf is extraordinarely constructed to accomplish its mission...the top layer of cells or upper epidermis of our subject is covered by a protective coating called the cuticle...This upper epidermis allows sunlight to pass through to the inside of the leaf. The cuticle takes care of the evaporation issue. The next layer is the palisade mesophyll layer and its here that light is absorbed and its here that millions of chloroplast cells are located. Inside the chloroplast are molecules of chlorophyll which absorb the sunlight and its energy using it in the process of photosynthesis...Below the upper mesophyll layer is the middle layer of spongy mesophyll ... these cells absorb wavelengths of light that are not utilized by the chloroplasts and are allowed to pass through...this energy is stored and in the fall as the green wanes, produce the colors that we love to experience...Also , in this layer are some veins or vascular tissue. These vast network of veins serve to distribute food and water to every nook and cranny of the plant.....These functions are performed by the phloem (moves food ) and xzylem ( moves water ) tissues of this "common" leaf... The bottom half of the leaf is the lower epidermis.. Here , guard cells and stomata are located and the final function of the leaf is performed....This would be the gas and water exchange.... The stomata are microscopic holes ( in the order of 20,000 per square centimeter ) that release water vapor , oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide...the guard cells control the actual opening and closing of the stomata...The design is so elegant that it located the stomata on the underside of the leaf so that they would be protected from the sun's heat thus helping to reduce moisture loss and from dust particles that would clog them and interupt their function....Now that I've been below the surface and understand the amazing complexity of this wonder of nature, Just think of how amazing the journey would be if everyone looked below the surface of natures most complex achievement .....the "common person".....